Document Details
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Document Type |
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Thesis |
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Document Title |
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Biomarkers for evaluation of the red sea fish pollution دلالات حيوية لتقييم تلوث أسماك البحرالأحمر |
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Subject |
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Faculty of Sciences |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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The marine environment of the Jeddah southern Red Sea coast is subjected to increasing anthropogenic activities. Enzymatic biomarkers as neurotoxic, antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes were evaluated in Variola louti as a sentinel species sampled from both polluted and reference sites in the Jeddah red sea during four months January, April, July and October in 2014 and 2015. In brain of V. louti, the specific activity of acetylcholinestease (AChE) collected from reference area was significantly increased than that from polluted area. On the contrary, the specific activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) from liver of V. louti in polluted area were significantly increased than that from reference area. The levels of examined enzymes were approximately similar in 2014 and 2015 indicating the same components of pollution were received in red sea. The biochemical properties of CAT from liver of Variola louti collected from polluted and reference were studied. The two enzymes had the same stability at pH 7.5. The CAT activity from polluted area was higher in the two sides of pH profile than that of reference area. The CAT activity from reference and polluted areas were approximately stable up to 30 ˚C. The CAT activity from reference and polluted area retained 46 and 88% of their activities at 40˚C, respectively. The Michaelis Constant (Km) values of CAT in reference and polluted areas were 37 and 50 mM H2O2, respectively. The results indicated that CAT at reference area had higher affinity toward H2O2 than that at polluted area. Ca2+ had no inhibitory effect on CAT activity at reference and polluted areas. Ni2+, Zn2+ and Co2+ caused the same partially inhibitory effect on CAT at reference and polluted areas. Complete loss of CAT activity was detected in presence of Hg2+. CAT from polluted area was more stable when exposed to 5 and 10 % N-butanol, isopropanol, dioxan and heptanol than that in reference area. The CAT from polluted area was markedly more stable against Triton X-100 and Tween-20 than that in reference area. No significant effect of urea at concentration of 2 and 4 M on CAT at reference and polluted areas was detected. The results indicated that CAT from polluted area had more resistance against physical and chemical conditions than those in reference area. The estimation of heavy metals and their association with biological and biochemical alterations in two studied sites was evaluated. The average concentration of heavy metals found in hepatic tissues of V. louti fish from polluted area, namely Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn were 1.74, 9.69, 47.48, 4020.01 and 229.47 µg/g liver, respectively were significantly higher than that of samples taken from reference area (0.24, 1.98, 20.12, 721.93, 129.21 µg/g liver, respectively). The fold change of heavy metals in fish from polluted area with respect of that of reference area followed the order Cd > Fe > Cr > Cu > Zn. Analysis of nuclear DNA revealed that hepatic tissues of fish samples from polluted area have significant increase in apoptotic cells as detected by flow cytometry and formation DNA-ladder. In addition, hepatic sections from fishes of polluted area showed more fibrotic changes and collagen deposition by hematoxylin eosin staining and Masson′s trichrome staining, respectively compared to samples taken from reference area. Moreover, the electrophoretic patterns of proteins of liver of fishes caught at polluted area showed different patterns of proteins from that at reference with bands at 42, 130 and 140 kDa, which is in a good agreement with the molecular weight of collagen type III. These results recommended that the sewage should be completely treated before darning in sea water. |
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Supervisor |
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Prof. Saleh Ahmed Mohamed |
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Thesis Type |
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Doctorate Thesis |
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Publishing Year |
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1438 AH
2017 AD |
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Co-Supervisor |
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Prof. Youssri Mohamed Soliman |
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Added Date |
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Wednesday, May 10, 2017 |
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Researchers
| ياسر قائد المليكي | Almulaiky, Yaaser Qaaed | Researcher | Doctorate | |
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