Document Details
|
Document Type |
: |
Thesis |
|
Document Title |
: |
Production of Betalains in Suspension Cultures of Beta vulgaris إنتاج صبغات البيتالين في مزارع المعلقات الخلوية للبنجر |
|
Subject |
: |
Faculty Of Science |
|
Document Language |
: |
Arabic |
|
Abstract |
: |
The aim of this project was to investigate the production of betalains in cell cultures of Beta vulgaris under various culture conditions in an attempt to enhance the productivity of the cultures with regard to betalains and to study the control of betalain accumulation in cell cultures. Cell culture of Beta vulgaris was initiated and the relationship between the growth and betalain accumulation throughout the growth cycle was determined. The individual betalains produced by the cell cultures were also identified. The effect of various concentrations of growth regulators [2,4-dichlorophynoxyacitic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin (Kin.) were examined on growth, betalain production and tyrosinase activity. Also, various concentrations of some biotic and abiotic elicitors were applied to the cultures at various time throughout the growth cycle (on day 0, 8 and 12) and their effects were examined on the growth, betalain biosynthesis, and tyrosinase activity. Results of the study showed that the accumulation of betalains was synchronized with growth and the maximum was attained when the growth reach the maximum on day 14. Kinetin at 0.04 mg.l-1 enhanced the production of betacyanin and betaxanthin per gram F.wt. (45% & 12% respectively) and per culture. The growth, however, was reduced. Tyrosinase activity was remarkably increased at this level of kinetin. Betalain production was increased as the concentration of 2,4-D was decreased in the medium and the highest production of the pigments was achieved at 2,4-D of 0.005 mg/l-1 which was optimum for betacyanin and betaxanthin production, as they were increased by 83% & 50% respectively, mean while the growth was not significantly affected. Tyrosinase activity was substantially increased at this level of 2,4-D, comparing to the control (0.02 mg.l-1 2,4-D). When the effect of both growth regulators was examined while maintaining the same ratio of 2,4-D/kin, results showed that enhancement of betalains at 0.005 mg.l-1 was due to the level of 2,4-D but not due to the change of 2,4-D/kin ratio. Elicitors have remarkably influenced the growth and betalain biosynthesis, Methyl Jasmonate enhanced the production of betacyanin and betaxanthin per gram F.wt. especially at the concentration of 30 μM when applied at day 0 (11 fold and 15 fold respectively). However, the growth was slightly decreased. β-glucan also increased the production of both pigments (97% & 38% respectively) when supplied at 0.1 mg.l-1 on day 0. Chitosan has also increased the betacyanin and betaxanthin content by 123% & 64% respectively when supplied at level of 5 mg.l-1 on day 0. Among the examined abiotic elicitors copper sulfate at 0.5 mg.l-1 slightly enhanced the production of betacyanin (76%) and betaxanthin (43%) as applied on day 0. Other abiotic elicitors (zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate) had no significant effect. The main betacyanins produced by treated cultures and the control were betanin, companied with little production of isobetanine and the main betaxanthin was presented as Indicaxanthin. In conclusion, data from the study have shown that low concentrations of 2,4-D is favored for high production of betalains. The level of 2,4-D has a regulatory effect on betalain biosynthesis and part of its regulatory mechanism is related to its effect on tyrosinase activity. MJ, β-glucan, chitosan and copper sulfate have a stimulatory effect on betalain biosynthesis and the best time for their application is at the beginning of subculture and part of their regulatory mechanism is related to their effect on tyrosinase activity. The kind of individual betalains produced by the cultures is a characteristic of the cultures which may be genetically controlled. Various culture conditions may affect the amount of the pigments but not the |
|
Supervisor |
: |
D. SAMIA J. KALKATAWI |
|
Thesis Type |
: |
Master Thesis |
|
Publishing Year |
: |
1431 AH
2010 AD |
|
Added Date |
: |
Tuesday, December 14, 2010 |
|
Researchers
| عزة محمد طيب | TAYEB, AZZA Mohamed | Researcher | Master | |
|
Back To Researches Page
|